The lac operon in E. coli consists of genes that code for enzymes necessary for the breakdown of lactose. When lactose is absent
, the operon is inactive because a repressor protein binds to a specific site in the lac operon. When lactose is present, lactose molecules bind to the repressor protein, causing the repressor protein to dissociate from the binding site. In the absence of glucose (a preferred energy source for bacteria), the protein CAP binds to a regulatory site near the lac promoter to activate transcription of the lac operon.
The lac operon in E. coli contains genes that code for enzymes necessary for the breakdown of lactose. It is expressed only in the absence of glucose is but when lactose is present . It has two regulators turn the operon "on" and "off" in response to the corresponding lactose and glucose levels: they are the lac repressor and catabolite activator protein (CAP).
Coevolution occurs when two species/organisms reciprocally affect the evolution of one another. An example is the coevolution is flowering plants and associated pollinators (e.g., bees, birds, and other insect species). Moths benefit form nectar and orchids benefit from pollinaton.
