Through mummification they were aware of the internal organs, though not of the functions of them. This allowed doctors to record findings and develop methods of surgery based on anatomical knowledge. ... The Egyptians realised that the internal organs would rot prior to the external parts of the body.
Generally speaking, the practice of mummification helped them learn about the anatomy or structure of the human body. They also learned about herbs and the preservation of dead flesh.
The person who developed the Polio vaccine is the American Jonas Salk
, He developed the vaccine against the Polio and it was first tested in 1952. (there was a bad outbreak of Polio in the US that year).