I think the correct answer from the choices in the first question would be option B. Pogroms and anti-Semitism in Europe led to all of the following except larger populations of Jews in eastern Europe.
For the second question, I believe the correct answer from the choices listed is option B. According to Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity, only space and time exist independently of the human experience.
It was George Washington who led the Continental Army in the final decisive battle of the Revolutionary War at Yorktown. Washington would then go on to be the first president of the US.