Division of powers consists on breaking down the power of the state in three independent pillars: a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary.
This system was claimed by the Enlightenment philosophers, like Montesquieu, as the alternative that should replace absolut monarchies that were operating in Europe at that time. The whole power was concentrated in one single man, the King. Moreover, it was believed that his power came directly from God.
It is important to remember that Enlightenment fought for reason over superstititions, the orthodoxy of religion or dogmatic beliefs. Therefore, this movement also claimed for political innovations, discarding the belief of power coming from God, and willing to make effective the fact that actually power comes the people in the country.
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Our body saves it as fat to use it later on.
Neither, because the power dynamic shifted between the church and the kings
They serve as government watchdogs so they investigate the government and if they discover corruption the will let the people know so they can fix it.
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The Declaration listed the colonists' thoughts about freedom and government and outlined the reasons why they thought the British were being unfair. Think of the Declaration of Independence as a letter to the British explaining that the colonies wanted to be 'free agents' and form their own team.
