One effect of the Social Gospel movement is that it provided inspiration to other progressive-minded reformers. It began in the early 20th century.
Supreme Court break the tenth amendment in Brown vs the board of education
The main factor that led to the development of the four major river valley civilizations was its closeness to rivers, which was a food source, its flooding allowed for fertile soil, allowed easy transportation and cities near them were easier to defend.
The fact that fewer people had to dedicate to the production of food allowed some of them to develop other activities, such as the construction of building and cities, metal working, trade and social organization. This led to a social division, the ones that worked and the ones that ruled, creating intricate systems of governments and religions that ideologically sustained those in power.
The Neolithic revolution (also called the Agrarian Revolution) begun around 12 thousand years ago, that is about 10 000 years before our time- the closest answer is <span>a. about 9500 B.C.E. </span>