Providing characters’ observations of a location to establish the setting.
Explanation:
Often, as can easily be corroborated in the work of the greatest novelists, like Balzac, Zola, Tolstoy, or Dostoyevsky, novelists introduce into their narration details of their characters´ setting, often in the characters´ own voice for literary purposes. This, indeed, helps the reader form a mental image —therefore it helps the reader comprehend the narrative a lot better— of the setting of the novel as well as the mindset of the characters, their cultural and social values.
Te esta preguntando si esta leyendo en el primero entonces es si. En el segundo pregunta si estan viendo tele entonces es no. El tercero te pregunta si etan nadando es un si.