The Monroe doctrine was the reaction and effect of the European powers plan to help Spain create or retake colonies in America. the doctrine, enacted in 1823,pointed out that the USA would intervene to protect the peace and freedom of independent states in the region of America.
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dr phillip? i have no idea
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The U.S. Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the principle of judicial review—the power of the federal courts to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional. The unanimous opinion was written by Chief Justice John Marshall.
Explanation:
they were devastated by european diseases.
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