Agricultural Revolution
Definition: new advances in agriculture
Significance: This occurred during the Industrial Revolution which lasted from 1600-1900 in England. Some advances included crop rotation, enclosure and seed drill. Wealthy landowners soon turned the land into larger fields to cultivate more land. When the farmers sold their land, they were forced into the cities to work in factories with harsh conditions, unfair wages and unsanitary working circumstances.
Crop Rotation
Definition: switching fields to better crop production
Significance: Crop rotation began to show up in the Agricultural Revolution, during the Industrial Revolution from 1600-1900 in England. This rotation was set up so that for one year, one field may be producing wheat, which took the nutrients from the soil. Then the next year, the farmer would plant a root crop to restore nutrients. This was thought to improve quality and taste, etc of crops.
Enclosure
Definition: large fields
Significance: During the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions from 1600-1900 in England, wealthy landowners began buying out farmers, forcing them to move into the city with harsh living conditions and unfair pay. Once a rich farmer got the land, they began to make large enclosures to produce crops on for crop rotation. This was important because with these big fields, the landowners had experimented with new agriculture.
Seed Drill
Definition: invention
Significance: Made in 1701, the seed drill was an advance in not only the Agricultural Revolution but also the industrial Revolution in England which lasted from 1600-1900. This invention allowed farmers to spread seeds in well-spaced rows with specific depths. This helped with how many seeds actually took root, which boosted crop production.
Industrial Revolution
Definition: time of advances in machine goods
Significance: The Industrial Revolution began in 1600 and continued on until 1900. Along with this time period, it also sparked Agricultural Revolution, which began a boom in production. This included crop rotation, seed drills and farmers being forced into the city, due to urbanization. This time improved life for some, but diminished the life of much more. Farmers were forced to work in unsanitary conditions on an unfair pay. Many inventions made during this time were helpful, but harmful.
Cottage Industry (textile industry in England)
Definition: textile industry changes
Significance: During the Industrial Revolution in 1600-1900, the textile workplaces went from homes to factories within a couple hundred years. Farmers were sold out of their land, some being used for agriculture and some being used for factories. Due to urbanization, the 80% of rural farmers who had previously worked at home now had become 50% working in factories. Life in the factories was very rough and consisted of unclean and unsafe envoironments.
Urbanization
Definition: farmers to factory workers
Significance: During the Industrial Revolution from 1600-1900 in England. In 1705, there were only 2 cities with over 100,000 people and by 1850, there were over 12. This continued to happen as wealthy landowners continued to take farmers land for factories and crop rotation. Doing this, farmers bing forced into cities to work was a major source of the rising population. By 1850, the 80% of farmers in 1750 turned to 50% of factory workers (former farmers)
Inventions
Definition: new things made in the Industrial Revolution
Significance: during the industrial revolution from 1600-1900, there were plenty of new machines made to manufacture goods. Some of these included the cotton gin, the spinning jenny, the assembly line and the locomotive. Many of these machines began to speed up production my improving the way things were made.
Steam Engine
Definition: invention
Significance: This invention was made during the Industrial Revolution from 1600 to 1900. James Watt was the creator of this machine. The inventions used a pump to remove the water in mine shafts. This was also used to propel boats and other things. This was an expensive invention above all else, but it was very helpful.
Cotton Gin
Definition: invention
Significance: During the Industrial Revolution from 1600-1900 in England, Eli Whitney produced this. This machine multiplied the amount of cotton that could be cleaned at a faster rate. This invention led to the boom of the cotton industry by going from selling 1.5 million lbs, to selling over 85 million lbs.
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Assembly Line
Definition: invention
Significance: This was made during the Industrial Revolution from 1600 to 1900 in England. Henry Ford created it and it was simple way to put together something in a timely manner. It sped up the mass production of things such as boats and cars, etc.
Working Conditions in Factories
Definition: how workers were treated
Significance: During the Industrial Revolution in 1600-1900 in England, the production of factories led to the need of workers.
