If a person is highly risk averse, the higher marginal utility associated with a negative outcome outweighs the lower marginal utility from a positive outcome.
<h3>What is marginal utility?</h3>
The extra satisfaction which a consumer receives from possessing one more unit of an item or service is known as marginal utility.
The concept of marginal utility is helps in describing how customers make decisions to get the most out of their limited budgets. In general, until the marginal utility exceeds the marginal cost, consumers will keep buying more of a good.
There are three types of Marginal utility:
- Positive Marginal Utility: When having more of something provides you more happiness, you have positive marginal utility. Assume you regularly eat a piece of cake, however a second piece would bring you even more joy. Then the marginal utility from cake consumption is positive.
- Zero Marginal Utility: It occurs when using more of an item provides no additional measure of satisfaction. For instance, you might feel reasonably full after 2 pieces of cake but not significantly better after a third slice. Your marginal utility on eating cake is 0 in this situation.
- Negative Marginal Utility: It occurs when you have an abundance of an item, and ingesting more is really hazardous. After eating three slices of cake, the fourth piece of cake may potentially make you sick.
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<span>To create a competitive advantage that is sustainable over time, the international company should try to develop competencies that create value for customers and value they are willing to pay for in that item.
When you have a competitive advantage you are creating value in your product that make a consumer buy it over another similar product. Making sure the item and the value created for the customer match the price point it's set at.
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Federal income tax withheld = x
Percent held as state income tax = 0.23x
So, if $154 was held as federal income tax on the last paycheck, then the state income tax will be: 0.23 (154) = $35.42
Total income tax withheld = 154 + 35.42
$189.42