Answer:
Zig Zag Cola
1. Classification of costs according to their category in the value chain:
a. Inbound logistics (relationship with suppliers):
New recipe $ 1,300
Lime flavoring $ 1,180
Bottles $ 1,040
Salt $ 50
Lemon syrup $ 16,000
Freight-in on materials $ 2,000
Total cost of Inbound logistics = $21,500
b. Operations:
Wages of workers who mix syrup $ 7,800
Plant janitors' wages $ 900
Plant utilities $ 650
Rearranging plant layout $ 1,600
Depreciation on plant & equipment $ 2,700
Total cost of Operations = $13,650
c. Outbound logistics:
Delivery truck drivers' wages $ 275
Depreciation on delivery trucks $ 175
Total outbound logistics cost $450
d. Marketing and sales:
Customer hotline $ 180
Sales commissions $ 325
Sales coupons for customers $ 770
Total marketing and sales cost $1,275
e. Service:
Customer hotline $ 180
Sales coupons for customers $ 770
Product Replacement $ 70
Total costs of Services $1,020
2. Subcategories of Production Costs:
Direct Materials:
New recipe $ 1,300
Lime flavoring $ 1,180
Bottles $ 1,040
Salt $ 50
Lemon syrup $ 16,000
Freight-in
on materials $ 2,000
Cost of materials $21,500
Direct Labor:
Wages of workers who mix syrup $ 7,800
Total cost of direct labor $ 7,800
Manufacturing Overheads:
Plant janitors' wages $ 900
Plant utilities $ 650
Rearranging plant layout $ 1,600
Depreciation on plant & equipment $ 2,700
Total Overheads $ 5,85
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Costs incurred (in thousands)
Direct Materials:
New recipe $ 1,300
Lime flavoring $ 1,180
Bottles $ 1,040
Salt $ 50
Lemon syrup $ 16,000
Freight-in
on materials $ 2,000
Cost of materials $21,500
Direct Labor:
Wages of workers who mix syrup $ 7,800
Total cost of direct labor $ 7,800
Manufacturing Overheads:
Plant janitors' wages $ 900
Plant utilities $ 650
Rearranging plant layout $ 1,600
Depreciation on plant & equipment $ 2,700
Overheads $ 5,850
Selling and Distribution Expenses:
Depreciation on delivery trucks $ 175
Delivery truck drivers' wages $ 275
Sales commissions $ 325
Customer hotline $ 180
Sales coupons for customers $ 770
Product Replacement $ 70
Selling and Distribution costs $1,795
b) ZigZag's value chain activities, according to Michael Porter, include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. These activities create value that exceeds their cost for the purpose of generating a higher profit. In a similar way, ZigZag's production costs can be categorized into direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead.
