The three allusions Ralph Waldo Emerson makes are Francis Bacon, Irish dayworkers, Coeur-de Lions.
In the beginning of the "Society and Solitude" he talks about the capital and mentions how it is the want of animals spirits and in this excerpt appears all these three.
"The capital defect of cold, arid natures is the want of animal spirits. They seem a power incredible, as if God should raise the dead. The recluse witnesses what others perform by their aid, with a kind of fear. It is as much out of his possibility as the prowess of <em>Coeur-de-Lion</em>, or an <em>Irishman's day's-work</em> on the railroad. [...] As <em>Bacon</em> said of manners, “To obtain them, it only needs not to despise them,"
Answer:
B. Lowell's study of mars eventually led to the discovery of pluto, which was later downgraded to a dwarf planet.
Explanation:

To prevent warping, thin, organic bonded wheels such as those used for cutting-off should be laid flat on a horizontal surface of steel or similar rigid material away from excessive heat and moisture.22 To minimise deterioration, wheels must be stored in a room which is dry and not subject to extreme temperatures.
It helps create a heat source from underneath for different types of plants.
It also has created land when it has reached the surface.
In lines 29-34 Shylock gives his reason.
"Yes, to smell pork; to eat of the habitation which your prophet, the Nazarrite, conjured the devil onto! I will buy with you, sell with you talk with you, walk with you and so following; but I will not eat with you, nor pray with you."
Shylock's reasons are to do with his own religious beliefs.