Answer:
A number of different types of context clues can be present in reading passages because every author writes in a different way. Some authors offer very little explanation for difficult words, throwing tough vocabulary in everywhere with little or no help, while other authors carefully craft their passages to ensure the reader can understand everything he or she is trying to explain. Everything from the restatement of a word to an outright explanation of the word in action can be present to aid in a reader's comprehension.
Context Clue No. 1: Definition or Restatement
The meaning of the vocabulary word is in the sentence itself, usually following the vocabulary word.
Jack's duplicity—crafty dishonesty—enabled him to steal his coworker's pensions by funneling their money into an offshore account.
Notice how the dashes set off the definition. Commas or parentheses setting off a descriptive phrase directly after the vocabulary word (an appositive) can also point you to it, such as in clue no. 2.
Context Clue No. 2: Synonym
The sentence uses a similar word to help explain the meaning of the vocabulary word.
The baseball coach punished the team's duplicity, or deceitfulness after they admitted to using steroids to boost their batting averages.
Context Clue No. 3: Antonym/Opposite/Contrast
The sentence uses a word with an opposite definition to give the meaning of the vocabulary word.
It was your duplicity that caused me to break up with you! Had you been honest, I wouldn't have felt the need.
Unlike my last employee, who had integrity to spare, you have nothing more than duplicity and will not receive a recommendation from me for another job.
Context Clue No. 4: Example or Explanation
This type of context clue uses examples to help the reader infer the meaning of the vocabulary word.
His duplicity involved lowering his employee's salaries, increasing their stock options, and then stealing the money he saved by doing so.
I was aghast at her duplicity when she stole my diamond earrings, sold them on eBay, and lied to me about it the whole time.
