The women, regardless of race Couldn't vote in the late 1800s.
The ones who controlled the territories would have the main political power in the congress. If the states were slave states then it would bother non-slave states in the congress, and vice versa. That's why it was necessary to create new states that weren't the former Mexican ones that would help balance out the power of the two factions.
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He believes each of the three branches of the government are balanced and there is no danger of one person or group of people taking all the power for themselves. the phrase "a constitutional door is left open" refers to the process of amending the constitution.
It means to only raise enough food/cropping for a family.
