An ion (hydrogen ions, H⁺) gradient has potential energy which can be used for making ATP. Because of the proton gradient, H⁺ will diffuse from an area with higher proton concentration to an area with lower proton concentration. ATP synthase is the enzyme which allows protons to pass through the membrane and uses the free energy difference to convert ADP into ATP.
The p<span>roton gradient is made by electron transport chain which pumps H</span>⁺<span>.</span>
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A cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules.
Answer:
- There are many craters on the moon
- Spherical rocky body
- The moon has great basins
- Many great dark plains
H o H o Hope this helped!
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