Answer:
Biotic, Abiotic
Explanation:
Question 4) <u>biotic</u> means living things and those all marked are living animals or plants
Question 5) <u>abiotic</u> these refer to non living things
I believe the bone system that red marrow belongs to is D. Skeletal system.
I think it’s Commensalism since it is an interaction in which one individual benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed.
A signal reaches a cell mostly in the form of a signalling molecule binding to a receptor on the cell surface. This binding activates a chain of events that amplifies the signal and transfers it inside the cell. Protein kinases phosphorylate proteins and cause their activation or deactivation, or in general modify their activity. When a signalling molecule binds to a receptor, a cascade is activated and the second messengers, such as cAMP, are synthesized. cAMP molecules activate the protein kinases, which phosphorylate specific proteins and activate them.
Answer:
limiting factors
Explanation:
The ecological optimum represents the value of the factors within the ecological valence at which the life processes of a species take place best. The upper and lower limits of an ecological valence are its maximum and minimum. Beyond these limits, physiological processes are interrupted and death occurs.