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Murljashka [212]
3 years ago
9

RNA polymerase catalyzes the addition of many rNTPs to a growing RNA.

Biology
1 answer:
SIZIF [17.4K]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

b. Elongation

Explanation:

During the start of the elongation phase of RNA synthesis, the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase of <em>E. coli</em> is released and NusA protein takes its place. This makes the RNA polymerase to move away from the promoter.

During the elongation phase of RNA synthesis, the enzyme DNA dependent RNA polymerase elongates the RNA strand by addition of ribonucleotides to the free 3'-OH end. The process occurs in 5' to 3' direction and the 3'-OH group serves as a nucleophile.  

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What is an example of hierarchy representation of information
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What is hierarchy? A hierarchy is a way of organizing things that goes from high to low. It can be used to refer to a wide number of systems, organizations and even physical objects that represent a hierarchical structure. Keep reading for hierarchy examples that you see every day.

Everyday Hierarchy Examples

Hierarchy systems rank categories from top to bottom. For example, in a typical family system, the parents have the most authority, followed by the children, then followed by the pets. Take a look around you; you may find more hierarchy examples than you think!

The human body itself is a hierarchy. We are made up of systems of organs, which are made up of individual organs. Those organs are composed of tissues, then cells, then organelles. The final category of a human body hierarchy are the atoms that make up the organelles.

Political systems are hierarchies. In America, the hierarchy starts at the top with the president, and then the vice president, then the speaker of the house, then the president of the Senate, followed by the secretary of state.

Your family tree is a hierarchy starting back with your first ancestors. Their children had children, then those children had children, and so on until your family produced you. You are the child of two distinct genetic parents, and your children will be the next category of this hierarchy.

Human needs are often represented as a hierarchy (such as in Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs). The most important are your physical needs, such as eating, drinking and sleeping, followed by security. After that is a sense of love and belonging, then confidence and esteem, and finally, self-actualization — the stuff that makes you who you are like creativity, values, acceptance of facts.

The military is a hierarchy. At the very top of the Army, for example, is the authority of the general, followed by the lieutenant-general, followed by the brigadier general, then general, colonel, lieutenant colonel, major, captain, first lieutenant, second lieutenant, master sergeant, sergeant, corporal, then private.

More Examples of Hierarchy Systems

Take a look at even more hierarchy examples that you may already know and use. You'll find that much of science and geography depends on hierarchies as well!

The classification of living things is developed as a hierarchy. Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and finally species are the levels of organization in the field, which is known as taxonomy.

Babushka dolls, also known as matryoshka dolls or Russian nesting dolls, are a Russian toy in one large doll holds a smaller doll. That smaller doll holds an even smaller doll, which holds an even smaller doll, and so on. This is known as a nested hierarchy and is used to describe things other than matryoshkas.

Every postal address in our country is a hierarchy with the highest level being the country itself — the United States. After that, the postal address is listed by state, city, street, building, and sometimes the apartment or room number.

Similarly, our political boundaries are hierarchies. It begins with the federal government, then the state government, then city, town, and then borough or municipality, depending on the location.

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Churches are often hierarchical systems. For example, the Anglican Church has the monarch at the top, followed by the archbishop of canterbury, then the archbishop of york, then the bishops, followed by deaneries, and finally a vicar.

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Now you have seen many different hierarchy examples and structures that are classified as hierarchies. These examples should help you to better understand what hierarchy is and how hierarchies work. For more information on organizing concepts, take a look at different

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Match the prokaryotic cell structures to the characteristic of life.
djverab [1.8K]

Answer:

1. Nucleoid: Prokaryotes do not have well defined nucleus. Instead, naked DNA or genetic material is found in the these cells which keeps floating freely in the region of cytoplasm called as mucleoid (nucleus-like). DNA carries the genetic information required for growth, development, metabolic activities and reproduction.

Hence, it must match with b. reproduction: DNA ensures that future generations will be similar to parents

2. Cell wall: Cell wall is the outermost layer surrounding the plasma membrane. It is composed of polysaccharides and is found in bacteria, fungi, and plant cells. In bacteria, it is generally composed of peptidoglycans. Antibiotic such as penicillin acts on the cell wall and creates pores in it which kills the bacteria.

Hence, it can be correctly matched with d. homeostasis: taking an antibiotic, such as penicillin, creates holes in the cell wall of some bacteria, so they lose water and die

3. Flagellum: It is a thread or hair like structure which serves the purpose of locomotion in the cells specially in bacteria, protozoa, spermatozoa etc. In bacteria, it helps in moving in the direction of food and moving away from inhospitable environment.

Hence, it can be correctly matched with e. responding to stimuli: move away from a less hospitable environment or towards a more hospitable environment.

4. Pilus: It is a hair like but rigid structure that protrude from the cell surface of the bacteria. It helps in the process of conjugation by forming a conncetion between cell surface of two bacteria.

Hence, it can be correctly matched with a. reproduction: exchanging genetic material in process of conjugation

5. Ribosomes: Ribosomes serve as the site of protein synthesis in the cell. Bacterial ribosomes are composed of two sub-units with sedimentary constant of 50S and 30S.

Hence, it can be correctly matched with c. maintaining homeostasis: protein is needed for enzymes and repairing structures

6. Cytoplasm: It is gel like material found within the cell (excluding nucleus in case of eukaryotes). All the metabolic activities of the cell generally take place in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Hence, it can be correctly matched with f. homeostasis: using energy, all chemical reactions are performed in the cytoplasm

4 0
2 years ago
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