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Murljashka [212]
3 years ago
9

RNA polymerase catalyzes the addition of many rNTPs to a growing RNA.

Biology
1 answer:
SIZIF [17.4K]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

b. Elongation

Explanation:

During the start of the elongation phase of RNA synthesis, the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase of <em>E. coli</em> is released and NusA protein takes its place. This makes the RNA polymerase to move away from the promoter.

During the elongation phase of RNA synthesis, the enzyme DNA dependent RNA polymerase elongates the RNA strand by addition of ribonucleotides to the free 3'-OH end. The process occurs in 5' to 3' direction and the 3'-OH group serves as a nucleophile.  

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Compare and contrast pluripotent cells and totipotent cells
sweet [91]

Answer and Explanation:

In suspension cultures (liquid media), it has been demonstrated that single cells can regenerate to form an entire plant, and undergoes all the natural stages of embryo development.

Totipotent stem cells give rise to all types of cells including the placenta and embryo in animals.Pluripotent cells on the other hand are cells that are capable of self-renewing into the three different germ layers of an embryo forming an adult without giving rise to placenta. As the embryo grows, it develops into multipotent cells.

3 0
3 years ago
What are some similarities between a sea slug and a spotted salamander
Marizza181 [45]

Answer:

Some similarities between a sea slug and a spotted salamander:

1. They both reproduce in a water source. For sea slug oceans, while for Spotted salamander, mostly ponds.

2. They both lay eggs meaning they are oviparous.

Explanation:

The sea slug is an aquatic animal without a bony skeleton. Spotted salamander have a bony skeleton with a similar resemblance to that of a lizard in shape but are diffferent in color, they are amphibians

8 0
2 years ago
Write a 600 word report discussing nuclear reactors. The report should include a description of the way a reactor works and the
barxatty [35]

Answer:

Explanation:

A nuclear reactor is an installation capable of initiating, maintaining and controlling the chain fission reactions that take place in the reactor core, consisting of the fuel, coolant, control elements, structural materials and moderator in the case of nuclear thermal reactors.

The core is the part of the reactor where the nuclear chain reaction is produced and maintained.

Components of the core:

The fuel of a nuclear reactor is fissionable material.

Control rod beams provide a rapid means of controlling the nuclear reaction, allowing rapid changes in reactor power and eventual shutdown in case of emergency.

The neutrons produced in fission have a high energy in the form of velocity. Their speed should be reduced to increase the probability of other atoms fissioning and not to stop the chain reaction. This is achieved by elastic collisions of the neutrons with the nuclei of the moderator.

Most of the energy released by fission is in the form of heat. To be able to use this, a refrigerant must pass through the interior of the reactor that absorbs and transports this heat.

In a nuclear chain reaction, a certain number of neutrons tend to escape from the region where it is produced. This neutron leakage can be minimized by the existence of a reflecting medium, thus increasing the efficiency of the reactor.

When the reactor is in operation, a large amount of radiation is generated. Protection is needed to isolate the installation workers from radiation caused by fission products. Therefore, a biological shield is placed around the reactor to intercept these emissions.

A breeder reactor is a nuclear reactor that generates more fissile material in the fuel than it consumes. Considered highly attractive because of their superior fuel economy: a normal reactor consumes less than 1% of the natural uranium that starts the fuel cycle, while a 'breeder' can burn it almost completely. It also generates less waste for the same amounts of energy. Breeders can be designed to use thorium, which is more abundant than uranium. Currently, there is renewed interest in both breeder designs due to the increased price of natural uranium.

All commercial reactors breed fuel, but they have low (though still significant) breeding ratios when compared to machines that are traditionally considered breeders. In recent years, the commercial energy industry has been emphasizing high burn fuels, which last longer in the core of the reactor.

Reproduction of fissile fuel is a common feature in reactors, but commercial reactors are not optimized for this feature which is referred to as improved burning. Up to one-third of all electricity produced in the current U.S. reactor inventory comes from reproducible fuel, and the industry is working hard to increase that percentage over time.

The advantages are:

Generates a large amount of electricity

No production of greenhouse gases

Dependence on oil is reduced

Less damage to the environment

A major disadvantage is the difficult management of the nuclear waste generated.

Nuclear power plants have a limited lifetime. The investment for the construction of a nuclear plant is very high.

4 0
3 years ago
Check all the functions that take place within the eukaryotic cytoplasm.
sesenic [268]

The cytoplasm is a fluid substance that fills every living cell which is enclosed by the cell membrane. This substance is mainly composed of water and proteins.

The functions that take place within the eukaryotic cytoplasm are diverse:

  • Location for most metabolic pathways. Except for the metabolic pahtways in cell nucleus and cytoplasmatic organelles, all metabolic functions (e.g., synthesis of biomolecules, growth, etc) occur in the cytoplasm.  The cytoplasm contain enzymes (i.e., proteins) to carry out different chemical reactions.

  • Location for organelles that house many of the metabolic pathways for the cell. For example, the synthesis of ATP (the energy coin of the cells) is carried out in the mitochondria, which are organelles found in the cytoplasm.

  • Location for the cytoskeleton that gives integrity to the cell. The cytoplasm contains all of the three types of filaments of the cytoskeleton (i.e., microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments) which provides structural support to the cells.

On the other hand, in plant cells, the cell wall is located outside the cell membrane.

Learn more in:

brainly.com/question/9492242?referrer=searchResults

7 0
2 years ago
Write a hypothesis that could’ve been tested in the collection of this data
IgorLugansk [536]

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