Sponges are similar to other animals in that they are multicellular, heterotrophic, lack cell walls and produce sperm cells. Unlike other animals, they lack true tissues and organs, and have no body symmetry.
The shapes of their bodies are adapted for maximal efficiency of water
flow through the central cavity, where it deposits nutrients, and leaves
through a hole called the osculum. Many sponges have internal skeletons of spongin and/or spicules of calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide. All sponges are sessile
aquatic animals. Although there are freshwater species, the great
majority are marine (salt water) species, ranging from tidal zones to
depths exceeding 8,800 m (5.5 mi).
I believe the appropriate dose will be 1.5 mL,
Epinephrine is used for both allergic reaction and heart attacks, in an effort to increase blood flow through veins and to reduce swelling in airways. When epinephrine is recognized by receptors on smooth muscles, it causes airway-blocking muscle constriction to subside. Other drugs that may be administered by the endotracheal route include atropine sulfate, lidocaine hydrochloride, naloxone hydrochloride, and metaraminol bitartrate.
I am pretty sure that if muscle cells failed to function properly the thing that would happen is being revealed by the first option : A. The muscles will not work. I choose this one because as you know muscles are made of muscle tissue and if cells fail it won't functionate at all.
The sole reason why red blood cells are unable to replace damaged proteins is that red blood cells lack DNA and cell organelles such as the nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria which are crucial for protein synthesis, assembly, and repair. In other words, they lack both the information and the machinery for making or repair of proteins.
Due to lack of DNA and cell organelles, red blood cells cannot be able to satisfy the central dogma which summarizes synthesis of proteins as DNA → RNA → proteins.
DNA has the genetic information on how proteins should be made, RNA is responsible for transferring the information from DNA in the cell nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, then translating or decoding this information, which results in the making of protein.
