The <em>claim</em> states the writer's stance; his / her view on a certain issue.
The <em>reasons</em> explain why the writer would like to give his/ her view of the issue.
The <em>evidence</em> is needed to support the claim and this should contain reliable inormation.
The <em>couterclaim</em> is the claim or stance given by people who think different from the writer. The writer must include a counterclaim to reinforce his / her claim or stance.