A democratic republic is strictly speaking a country that is both a republic and a democracy. it is one where ultimately authority and power is derived from the citizens and the government itself is run through elected officials.
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They wanted all slaves to have civil rights, for the republican party to become a powerful institution in the south, and to prevent confedaracy leaders from returning to power after the war.
After World War II, much of Europe was devastated and needed to be rebuilt. However the countries had no money because they spent it all during the war. No taxes could be collected because the people were poor and had hardly anything to eat. The United States at this time was the richest nation in the world. Although Russia was an ally during the war against Germany, the relationship changed after the war and it was feared that unless Western Europe rise quickly again, it would fall into communist hands. The United States came up with the Marshall Plan and offered to help the European countries to recover from the effects of the war. Russia and its allies turned down the offer of assistance. The Marshall plan was a success and all the countries who accepted help recovered.