Answer:
The world systems theory, developed by sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein, is an approach to world history and social change that suggests there is a world economic system in which some countries benefit while others are exploited. This theory emphasizes the social structure of global inequality.
During a contractionary phase of the business cycle, declining growth in the real GDP and after the peak of a business cycle. During this phase, the entire economy is slowing declining. There was just a huge peak in business and then it falls. Eventually, the economy comes back around but during this time, it's tough.
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Shannon’s maxim reflects Open Design of the textbook’s basic principles.
Kerckhoffs's principle was reformulated by an American mathematician called Claude Shannon as "the enemy knows the system". The mathematician Claude Shannon further refined Kerckhoff’s principle.
According to Shannon’s maxim, "one ought to design systems under the assumption that the enemy will immediately gain full familiarity with them." Thus, in this form it is called Shannon's maxim.
Shannon is regarded as the father of the information age, as he formulated the notion of channel capacity in 1948 A.D. He is also known to reflect Open Design of the textbook’s basic principles.
To learn more about the Shannon’s maxim here:
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According to research, Joe's mother's response will be the most helpful for Joe.
Regardless of the gender of the child, it is okay for them to cry if they are feeling sad when something bad happens. So Joe's dad telling him he shouldn't cry because 'big boys don't cry' won't be helpful for this situation because he is still a young boy and he is feeling sad, so he wants to let his feelings out.
