A clade is a group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are based on cladistics. This is a method of comparing traits in related species to determine ancestor-descendant relationships. Clades are represented by cladograms, like the one in Figure below.
The answer is four bonds because they can use one electron for each bond.
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Light intensity, temperature, and carbon dioxide
Only a Punnet square with one homogeneous dominant would produce 100% dominant trait offspring.