Answer:
1. 0.7421 = 74.21% probability the elevator is overloaded.
2. D.No, there is a good chance that 10 randomly selected people will exceed the elevator capacity.
Step-by-step explanation:
To solve this question, we need to understand the normal probability distribution and the central limit theorem.
Normal Probability Distribution:
Problems of normal distributions can be solved using the z-score formula.
In a set with mean
and standard deviation
, the z-score of a measure X is given by:
![Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Z%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BX%20-%20%5Cmu%7D%7B%5Csigma%7D)
The Z-score measures how many standard deviations the measure is from the mean. After finding the Z-score, we look at the z-score table and find the p-value associated with this z-score. This p-value is the probability that the value of the measure is smaller than X, that is, the percentile of X. Subtracting 1 by the p-value, we get the probability that the value of the measure is greater than X.
Central Limit Theorem
The Central Limit Theorem establishes that, for a normally distributed random variable X, with mean
and standard deviation
, the sampling distribution of the sample means with size n can be approximated to a normal distribution with mean
and standard deviation
.
For a skewed variable, the Central Limit Theorem can also be applied, as long as n is at least 30.
Assume that weights of males are normally distributed with a mean of 166 lb and a standard deviation of 29 lb.
This means that ![\mu = 166, \sigma = 29](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cmu%20%3D%20166%2C%20%5Csigma%20%3D%2029)
Sample of 10.
This means that ![n = 10, s = \frac{29}{\sqrt{10}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=n%20%3D%2010%2C%20s%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B29%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B10%7D%7D)
1.The probability the elevator is overloaded is?
Probability that the sample mean is above 160 pounds, which is 1 subtracted by the p-value of Z when X = 160. So
![Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Z%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BX%20-%20%5Cmu%7D%7B%5Csigma%7D)
By the Central Limit Theorem
![Z = \frac{X - \mu}{s}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Z%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BX%20-%20%5Cmu%7D%7Bs%7D)
![Z = \frac{160 - 166}{\frac{29}{\sqrt{10}}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Z%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B160%20-%20166%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B29%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B10%7D%7D%7D)
![Z = -0.65](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Z%20%3D%20-0.65)
has a p-value of 0.2579.
1 - 0.2579 = 0.7421
0.7421 = 74.21% probability the elevator is overloaded.
2. Does this elevator appear to be safe?
High probability of the elevator being overloaded, so not safe. Correct answer is given by option D.