Started the amerian revolution
In general, you can look at the Supreme court checking congress (by overturning unconstitutional laws), congress checks the president (through investigation committees, and eventually potential impeachment) and the president checks the Supreme court (by appointing justices). There are some smaller checks that run counter to this order (like the President can veto congressional bills), but they're much more minor powers. Most of the time, the "checking" of presidential power by the supreme court happens by the court striking down laws passed through congress that the president has thrown a considerable amount of political weight behind (think many of FDR's new deal programs, some of which were struck down by the court. Obamacare also narrowly had some of it's components struck down by the court). The Supreme court can strike down executive orders that are unconstitutional. President Trump's muslim ban, for instance, had some of it's elements stricken down by the court in just the last month.
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I would have loved to assist you but one problem..your question has no content.
A question like this cannot be answered simply. However, in short, apart from communism, all other ideas of Nationalism, Democracy and Feminism have achieved some degree of success in the 20th Century.
After World War I and especially World War II, we saw a surge in nationalism among colonial possessions all over the world. Most of these countries became democratic republics but many also saw dictatorships and kingship.
Universal suffrage and feminism also took a hold after World War II where women were given more social freedoms and the movement is still continuing to this day.
