Egocentrism
From the age between 2-7 years old, a child is in the "preoperational stage" of development, characterized by symbolic representation or thinking and egocentric thinking. The child also tends to plan, perceive, and solve problems based on appearances (e.g. a half cup of water in a wide glass is to him/her smaller in amount compared to the same amount of water in a tall thin glass).
A good example of the child's egocentric thinking is most apparent before the child enters kindergarten. When a child is told to hide, he/she usually only covers his/her face, because in his/her thinking, "if i can't see you, then you can't see me!" In egocentrism, the child thinks that other people think and perceive the world the way he/she does.
However, a recent study tried to explain this action of "ineffective hiding" in children as their way of demanding or insisting on reciprocity, and mutual recognition and regard, instead of merely egocentrism (source: https://theconversation.com/young-children-are-terrible-at-hiding-psychologists-have-a-new-theory-why-67979)
1. The answer should be (B)
2. The answer should still be (B)
3. I do not believe you typed the full piece of the question so I cannot determine the answer to this question.
Answer:
The options are
a. Infancy
b. Preschool
c. Elementary school
d. Middle school
The answer is B. Preschool
Explanation:
An individual’s behavior is usually influenced very early in life which could be around early childhood. This is the period an individual is inquisitive and copies stuffs he sees or watches or behave in a similar fashion to people who are always around him/her.
Mr. Smith hearing that Chris has been arrested multiple times, beginning at 10 years of age means that according to life course theory, the seeds of a criminal career were planted in Chris around the period of Pre-School.
Psychologists have found that prejudice and discrimination may be reduced by having those being stereotyped and the person stereotyping them having more interaction with one another. It's very easy to stereotype someone you don't truly know and put them into a category. Often times, after you get to know someone, your perception of them changes, so increasing that interaction should result in less discrimination.
