Their atoms have the same number of valence electrons
D) the cells would die - bringing things in and out of the cell is critical to survival (food in, waste out). the proteins in the cell membrane are the transporters.
The concept of limiting nutrients is essential to understand biological process.The nutrient in short supply relative to the others will be exhausted first and will thus limit cellular growth.
The usual way of determining which nutrient is limiting is to increase the concentration of one nutrient. If there is no effect some other nutrient is limiting.