ANSWER: IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM
EXPLANATION:
The first step Gillian should consider in exploration of her general problem-solving approach is the PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION.
However, since she doesn't have much knowledge about bicycle, identifying the source of the problem (i.e. tracing the source/cause of the new sound produced by her bicycle), will provide a template or background for her further problem solving procedures.
Answer: AUTHORITARIAN REGIME
Explanation: Authoritarian can simply be said to be the "absolute obedience to an AUTHORITY".
An authoritarian regime is a system of government in which the governing body has ABSOLUTE power and maintain the power by the use of FORCE.
The government does this effectively through a union of organisations in the lower class that is not constitutional responsible to the body of the people.
I assume that the question is not necessarily directed at people, but that it can refer to the training of animals, such as dogs.
The most effective kind of reward is food and praise - and this is in fact the kind of reward most commonly used in dog training.
