A parallel structure means that withing the sentence the same structure/scheme is used everywhere. So the correct answer is B. A cannot be correct as you have "BEING honest", "BEING courageous" and then just "compassionate". BEING was deleted. C is also incorrect as you have "BEING honest" and then just nouns "courage" and "compassion" - the structure has changed. It is the same case with D - "IS honest", "IS courageous" and then just "compassionate", without IS. And B is correct because we have three nouns "honesty", "courage", "compassion" - the structure remains the same.
The most successful record of all time!
Option A, "The most successful record of all time!" is a clause fragment.
Gawain wears the green girdle as a token of his failure for not keeping his promise. He was supposed to give the host that he would give him whatever he gained that day, but he didn't give him the green girdle for fear that he would die. After being called out because of that, Gawain swears to wear the green sash for the rest of his life, and the Knights of the Round Table start wearing it as well after absolving him of blame.