<span>the ruling class would not willingly give up its power and position in government</span>
In ancient times, powerful kingdoms also arose in East Africa. The kingdom of Kush thrived on the Nile River for hundreds of years. The kingdom benefited from its location on the Red Sea. It was an important stop on the trade route linking Africa, the Mediterranean, and India.
Originally, Athens was ruled only by tyrants. Later, Solon changed autocracy laws: Athens' council would be elected by merit, not birthright. Eventually, Cleisthenes introduced the concept of a council of all the free male citizens: democracy was born!
The crusades introduced Europe to the works of Middle Eastern scholars, philosophers, and doctors. Richard the Lion-heart, King of England and one of the most famous Crusader Kings, had an Arab physician.<span />
