"Modalización y modalidad son conceptos que se relacionan con la subjetividad en el lenguaje y con la expresividad. La modalización está siempre presente en la actividad discursiva, indicando la actitud del sujeto hablante con respecto a su interlocutor y a sus propios enunciados. Se diferencia de la modalidad como la acción se distingue de su resultado."
-Centro Virtual Cervantes
Answer:
Hi Paul,
<u>1) I have just started(just/start)</u> working as a tour guide in Prague and I <u>2) am having (have)</u> a fantastic time! <u>3) have you ever been (you/ever/be)</u> to Prague? It's such an interesting place. Every day, I <u>4) show (show)</u> five groups of tourists around the city and, for the past two days, I <u>5) have been leading (lead)</u> a night tour, too. It's called the Prague Ghost Tour, but I <u>6) haven't seen (not/see)</u> a ghost yet! <u>7) Are you working (you/work) </u>at the moment? If not, Toby <u>8) is visiting (visit)</u> me next weekend. Why don't you come too? You <u>9) always say (always/say)</u> that you want to visit Prague. Toby <u>10) flies (fly)</u> from Gatwick Airport at 7 pm on Friday. There are still a few seats left on the flight, so let me know!
Chris
Explanation:
The text has different tenses:
- Present perfect simple: it is in the first, third, and sixth points.
We use present perfect to talk about activities in the recent past, like in the first and sixth case where the word "just" and "yet" indicates these recent past events or activities. We also use it to talk about experiences, like point three, where we ask Paul about Prague. The word ever indicates this tense use since we can only use it in interrogative and negative questions in the present perfect.
- Present continuous: point two is telling us what the person is feeling at the moment. In point seven, the present continuous tells us about an activity taking place in the present. In point eight, we use the present continuous tense since it talks about a plan in the future that has already been planed.
- Present simple: Is present in point four to talk about Paul's routine at work. In point nine, we use the present simple tense to talk about a habit, which in this case is something that he says regularly. Lastly, it is in point ten to indicate plans that have a date or time set.
- Present perfect continuous: is in point five, and we use it to talk about activities that started a short while ago and that are still happening. We do not use the present perfect simple tense because it would indicate that the activity started not in the recent past.
Read her textbook, take notes in class, and go to extra study sessions
It could be 'dare' or 'donare'!
