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Marat540 [252]
3 years ago
8

Dna makes up chromosomes which are located in what part of the cell

Biology
1 answer:
Sedaia [141]3 years ago
8 0
Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of both animal and plant cells
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Will mark brainliest!
saw5 [17]

Answer: The combination produced is RRtt.

The combination rrTt does not appear in this punnett square.

Explanation:

As the problem does not indicate more information, I assume that punnett square is made between two RRtt genotypes. It can produce gametes that have the alleles Rt. A gamete is a sexual cell (egg or sperm) that has only one allele of each gene. And, each gamete codes for a different gene. Since here we have two different types of alleles (R and t), it is a dihybrid cross.

<u>A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genotypes of a cross or breeding experiment.</u> It is used to determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring. To do it, you have to label the rows with one parent's gametes and label the columns with the other parent's genotype. Then, have each box inherit letters from its row and column, and interpret the results.

Then, the punnett square (shown in the picture) will be between RRtt and RRtt whose gametes can only be Rt, so Rt x Rt will be made.

The result in an offspring which will be 100% RRtt, and there is no rrTt combination here because non of the parents have an r allele, then none of the children can inherit it.

To have an offspring where rrTt genotype is shown, a different genotype must be used, in which both parents must have at least one r allele and one t allele. For example, it could be Rrtt x rrTt.

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3 years ago
Please help me...
Valentin [98]
C - Angiosperms 

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What might the colonists have harvested in 1621?
Ugo [173]
They have harvested potato's carrots, and more for it was thanksgiving.
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PLEASE HURRY! what is the best decription of chromosomes by the end of metaphase 2 of meiosis?
Oksi-84 [34.3K]

The best description of chromosomes by the end of metaphase 2 of meiosis is that they are lined up in the middle of the cell. You can help remember this by thinking of the "M" in metaphase as middle. this is because in this phase the chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell.

8 0
3 years ago
Describe the probable effects on gene expression in the lac operon of each mutation: a. Mutation in the lac operator that delete
Stella [2.4K]

Answer:

a. Reduces represor binding.

b. Constitutive expression of the operon.

c. Stronger promoter if it is more similar to the consensus sequence. Weaker promoter if less similar.

Explanation:

The lac operon is an operon required for lactose transport and metabolism in enteric bacteria such as <em>Escherichia coli</em>. <u>It is regulated by glucose and lactose availability</u> and consists of the following structural genes:

  • Lac z gene: encodes the enzyme β-galactosidase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis reaction of lactose into glucose and galactose.
  • Gene lac y: encodes the protein galactoside permease involved in the transport of lactose into the bacterium.
  • Lac a gene: encodes the enzyme thiogalactoside transferase, which catalyzes the transfer of the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A to 6-OH of a thiogalactoside acceptor. This gene is not related to lactose metabolism.
  • Promoter: region of DNA recognized by RNA polymerase for transcription.
  • Operator: region of DNA located between the promoter and the beginning of the structural genes, which is recognized by the repressor protein Lac I.
  • Repressor gene (lac I): encodes the Lac I repressor protein, which recognizes the operator region, where it binds. It prevents the transcription of genes under the control of this promoter but stimulates the binding of RNA polymerase. When the repressor is absent (in the presence of inducer which in this case will be lactose or IPTG), RNA polymerase will begin transcription.

The lac operon is under a type of negative regulation, where genes can always be transcribed, except when the Lac I repressor protein is bound to the operon region, for which it has a high affinity. In this case, the promoter of the lac I gene is constitutive, so the Lac I protein is permanently expressed and remains bound in tetramer form to the operon region, preventing the transcription of structural genes.

Since lactose is the inducer of the operon, it is able to bind to the Lac I repressor protein and generate a conformational change that decreases its affinity for the operon region. Thus, the operon region is left free, <u>RNA polymerase can freely transcribe the structural genes and β-galactosidase can degrade lactose to glucose plus galactose</u>. <u>In the absence of lactose, the Lac I repressor protein maintains its high affinity for the operator region, preventing RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes</u>. In this way, the system remains closed with consequent energy savings for the bacterium.

As a final clarification, actually the true inducing molecule of the lac operon is called allolactose, an isomer of lactose obtained by a transglycosylation occasionally carried out by β-galactosidase.

a. When there is a mutation in the lac operator that deletes most of the operator, then the repressor Lac I can no longer bind and RNA polymerase will begin transcription.

b. When there is a mutation in the Lac I gene that eliminates the binding of repressor to operator, then this protein can not produce the repression so there would be a constitutive expression of the operon.

c. Since the promoter us a region of DNA recognized by RNA polymerase for transcription, if there is a mutation here it will generate a stronger promoter in the case that this part is similar to a consensus sequence (the most commonly encountered nucleotides found at a certain location). In the case that it is less similar, then it will generate a weaker promoter.

7 0
3 years ago
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