Human monoclonal antibody (mAbs) are emerging in the field of cancer therapy and have become an increasing proportion of new drugs that are recently approved. Although there are some methods to obtain antigen-specific mAbs from human B cells, it is generally impossible to directly immunize human beings with antigens of interest. For example, for infectious agents, those approaches are largely restricted. To solve these obstacles, two main approaches have been developed; either by humanizing antigen-specific antibodies from small experimental animals (which is laborious due to the great genetic differences from humans) or rely on the in vitro selection of antigen-specific binders from human antibody repertoires. However, the human mAbs developed by these methods are usually with low affinity.
We are now coming up with a much better idea that is humanizing non-human primates mAbs instead of murine mAbs. Due to the close genetic relationship with humans, immunized NHPs have more potential to be isolated with high affinity antibody to human target than other experimental species, such as mouse, rat and rabbit. In addition, with appropriate method, NHP antibodies are much<span> easier to be humanized</span> without any loss of affinity compared to widely used murine antibodies.
Resource: http://www.creative-biolabs.com/High-Affi-TM-Human-Antibody-Discovery.html
<span>DNA replication is the production of identical DNA helices from a single double-stranded DNA molecule. Each molecule consists of a strand from the original molecule and a newly formed strand. Prior to replication, the DNA uncoils and strands separate. A replication fork is formed which serves as a template for replication. Primers bind to the DNA and DNA polymerases add new nucleotide sequences in the 5′ to 3′ direction. This addition is continuous in the leading strand and fragmented in the lagging strand. Once elongation of the DNA strands is complete, the strands are checked for errors, repairs are made and telomere sequences are added to the ends of the DNA.</span>
Answer:
a. commensalism is the correct answer.
Explanation:
By growing on the trunk or branch of a tree, a lichen gains height and exposure to sunlight for photosynthesis. The tree is not harmed by the lichen but does not benefit either. The relationship between the lichen and the tree is commensalism.
Commensalism is a relationship between two organisms where one organism gets benefits from other organisms without causing any harm or any damage from the relation as it one side symbiotic relation.
In this, we can see lichen is getting benefits from the tree.
for example, lichen is getting following benefits from the tree such as ( a lichen gains height and exposure to sunlight for photosynthesis.) and they are causing any harm to tree neither any benefits so this is a one-side symbiotic relation and thus the relationship is an example of commensalism.
Answer:
75%
Explanation:
Dominant means more. 100% is all so like all black. 50 is half-half which is wrong because its supposed to be more. 25% is wrong because its "more" so it has to be 75%
Hope this helps :D Please mark brainliest if correct D:
