Answer:
<h3>Viruses can only replicate themselves by infecting a host cell and therefore cannot reproduce on their own.</h3>
<h3>At the most basic level, viruses consist of genetic material contained within a protective protein coat called a capsid; the existence of both genetic material and protein distinguishes them from other virus-like particles such as prions and viroids.</h3>
<h3>They infect a wide variety of organisms: both eukaryotes (animals, fungi and plants) and prokaryotes (bacteria).</h3>
<h3>A virus that infects bacteria is known as a bacteriophage, often shortened to phage.</h3>
<h3>The study of viruses is known as virology, and those who study viruses are known as virologists.</h3><h3 /><h3>It has been argued extensively whether viruses are living organisms.</h3>
<h3>Most virologists consider them non-living, as they do not meet all the criteria of the generally accepted definition of life.</h3>
<h3>They are similar to obligate intracellular parasites as they lack the means for self-reproduction outside a host cell, but unlike parasites, viruses are generally not considered to be true living organisms.</h3>
<h3>A primary reason is that viruses do not possess a cell membrane or metabolise on their own - characteristics of all living organisms.</h3>
<h3>Examples of common human diseases caused by viruses include the common cold, the flu, chickenpox and cold sores.</h3>
There are options for this question they are:
a) neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus
b) conditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus
c) unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus
d) neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
e) unconditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus
The correct answers are - In this example, the buzzer begins as the neutral stimulus and eventually becomes the conditioned stimulus. The buzzer initially is a neutral stimulus because it have no role to play in the blinking response. Eventually though through learned association the buzzer becomes a conditioned stimulus because you now associate it with a puff of air to the eye which in turn causes you to blink.
Schemas refers to a cognitive frame work which help humans to organize and give interpretations to information obtained both from within and from the external enviroment. Schema guide human cognitive processes and behaviour. Schema helps in structuring our memories by acting as a glue which hold all the information we have gathered together. Shcema is used in recognizing new experience and in relating it with old experiences. Schema affects humans' perception, encoding, memory recall, etc.
