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Artemon [7]
3 years ago
11

Describe how the functional units for beta carotene, xanthophyll, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b are different. be sure to ide

ntify the subunits that adhere to paper during chromatography. 2. describe a technique for measuring photosynthetic rate. 3. many deciduous trees have leaves which turn yellow in the fall. what do you suppose is happening in the leaves at the cellular and molecular level? 4. chloroplasts and mitochondria are both are unusual in that they have double membranes and contain their own set of dna. can you think of any explanations for this observation?
Biology
1 answer:
leonid [27]3 years ago
8 0

The pigments have a similar structure of 40 carbon atoms covalently bonded in a chain. Carotenoids contain oxygen atoms in their chemical structure (retinyl functional group) while xanthophyll does not. This makes carotenoids more non-polar compared to xanthophylls, hence move farthest in chromatography paper using a nonpolar mobile phase. Chlorophyll pigment, on the other hand, has chlorin rings (which are larger) as functional units hence move slowly in chromatography.

Photosynthetic rates can be measured by either the amount of oxygen they consume per particular time period or the amount of carbon dioxide produced per particular time period. This is conducted while immersed in water so as to measure bubble rate formation in case of oxygen production or the change in water pH in the case of carbon dioxide consumption.

When autumn approaches, the amount sunlight received by the plant is reduced due to longer night than days. Deciduous trees have adapted by losing chlorophyll a and b pigments (most important in photosynthesis) during this time. This leaves a higher amount of the other red and yellow pigments hence making the leaves change from green to yellow-red.

It is believed that this is the result of an ancient endosymbiotic relationship between a protist and a eukaryotic cell. The protist generates energy that the eukaryotic can utilize in its growth and reproduction while the protist is sheltered. This relationship became obligatory symbiosis over time.






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Hunt and her team designed an experiment to test her hypothesis about the effect of BPA on mice. They administered daily doses o
katovenus [111]

Answer and Explanation: The figure below shows the doses of BPA administered to the female mice over time.

An experiment is used to determine cause and effect among variables. When the research is for the impact of a treatment, researchers randomly separate individuals in two groups:

  • <em><u>Control</u></em> <em><u>Group</u></em> doesn't receive any treament or a placebo or a treatment whose outcome is already known;
  • <em><u>Treatment</u></em> <em><u>Group</u></em> receives the treatment;

For the female mice on the image below, in the First Group is not injected any dosage of BPA, so they are the control group, while the <u>others</u> are <u>treatment group</u>.

The variables in a experiment are classified as independents or dependents:

  • <em><u>Independent</u></em> <em><u>Variable</u></em> is the cause;
  • <em><u>Dependent</u></em> <em><u>Variable</u></em> is the effect;

For the BPA research, since it is the effect of BPA over time on the mice's cells it is being investigated, <u>dosage</u> of BPA is the <u>independent</u> variable and <em>time</em> is the <em>dependent</em> variable.

6 0
3 years ago
During a routine prenatal care visit, a pregnant woman in her last trimester of pregnancy reports that she has occasional shortn
Gala2k [10]
Shortness of breath is very common in the last trimester of pregnancy. This is because, the baby inside the uterus is growing and it starts to push the uterus that compresses the lungs above the diaphragm. This, leads to restricted expansion of the lungs while breathing and causes shortness of breath. Another reason for shortness of breath can be due to low iron content in the body.
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4 0
3 years ago
Which sequence shows the correct order of living things in a food chain?
kkurt [141]

The correct answer is option (A) leaves > deer > wolf.

A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which the nutrients and energy flow as one organisms feeds on the other. They show organisms starting from the producers and end with consumers or sometimes with detrivores or decomposers. Each level of the food chain is called the trophic level. The producers which use solar energy and prepare their food occupy the first trophic level, followed by the primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary consumers occupying the next trophic level.

In the food chain given above, leaves > deer > wolf, deers feed on the leaves which are maximum in number comparitively, wolf feeds on the deer which are comparitively more in number than the wolves. This is the correct sequence of food chain showing the tranfer of energy and decreasing number of organisms with subsequent increase in the trophic levels.

8 0
3 years ago
What is the definition of mecrator map projection
motikmotik

Answer:

Look at the explanation!

Explanation:

The Mercator map projection is a cylindrical map projection that was presented by Gerardus Mercator in 1569. Gerardus  Mercator was a Flemish geographer and cartographer. It became the standard map projection for navigation because of it's cool one of a kind property of "representing any course of constant bearing as a straight segment."

8 0
3 years ago
Potatoes are specialized stems that store food for potato plants. which main tissue would you expect to primarily make up a pota
Triss [41]
Ground my dude! wanna know how I know! I checked the other answers on the other one :)
8 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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