There are four basic stages at which freedom of the press has been or can be limited: (1) access to information; (2) prior restraint on publishing information (censorship, injunctions); (3) liability for publishing (libel and invasion of privacy suits, fines and imprisonment); and (4) requiring reporters to testify or otherwise disclose sources or materials gathered in the course of their employment. While this fourth category technically does not abridge freedom of the press-it does not bar access or prevent or punish publications-the “chilling effect” it has upon the ability of reporters to <span>function and to gain their sources’ confidence certainly merits its inclusion.</span>
It was "John Adams" who defended the British soldiers involved in <span>the Boston Massacre, since Adams believed that even the British soldiers--who were very much disliked--deserved a fair trial. </span>
