Simple version:
First, the section with the desirable gene must be identified. Assuming that has already happened, the section of DNA must be excised from the original genome using restriction enzymes, which recognize certain DNA sequences and snip DNA at those sites. DNA ligase is used to "glue" these ends back together. The DNA is inserted into a plasmid (also with restriction enzymes), which would usually contain antibiotic-resistance genes (so they survive in an environment containing the antibiotic, which would also help show if the bacteria have been successfully transformed).
Then comes the actual transformation process. The bacteria to be transformed are mixed with calcium chloride (which causes the bacteria to be more receptive to the plasmids) and then mixed with the plasmids. The bacterial cells are subjected to a heat shock (the solution is heated and rapidly cooled, e.g. by placing the mixture in a hot water bath and quickly transferred to ice) so they will take up the plasmid (since the temperature change makes the membrane more permeable). The bacteria are placed on a growth medium containing the antibiotic they're resistant to. Only those successfully transformed would survive.
Answer:
Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago during the birth of our solar system. ... During the next major phase of earth's formation cooling and differentiation of the Earth's layers occurred. Dense materials sank to the center, forming an iron-nickel rich core. Lighter buoyant silicate-rich magma rose to the surface.
Explanation:
The answer to that question is true
The correct answer is option B
Carbon dioxide is present in the environment along with the other gases and still it is considered as a pollutant when its concentration in the atmosphere increases than the normal concentrations.
The normal concentration of the carbon dioxide is maintained by the help of plants that use carbon dioxide for the process of photosynthesis.
The increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is caused due to the human activity.
Industrial release, pollution from automobiles are some of the sources of carbon dioxide emission.
3:1 homozygous dominant, heterozygous dominant, heterozygous dominant and <span>homozygous recessive.</span>
