Question

3.32 unit test on cell biology

Answer 1

1.1. Photosynthesis and cell respiration they are chemically opposite

Plants use sunlight as a source of energy.  With the energy of the sun, plants use carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to make sugars called carbohydrates. This reaction is called photosynthesis.

CO2 + H2O + light energy => O2 + sugar (carbohydrates)

Cellular respiration is a chemical reaction found in animal and plant cells.

 Cellular respiration transforms carbohydrates (food) into cellular energy that the cell uses to perform all of its functions.

The reaction is as follows:

6*O2 + glucose => 6*CO2 + 6*H2O.

1.2  they have a relationship to each other

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are the phenomena that organisms have to obtain energy for their activities. We distinguish two kinds of organisms: heterotrophs and autotrophs.

photosynthesis and cellular respiration is a cycle that depends on each other (the products of one are the reagents of the other).

2.1 Skin cells divide by mitosis.

The somatic cells of our body are divided by mitosis. Somatic cells make up most of the tissues and organs in our bodies - skin, muscles, lungs, intestines, and so on.

Somatic cells are diploid (each has two sets of chromosomes). By mitosis, the genetic material (chromosomes and DNA) of the mother cell is unchanged in each of the daughter cells, which are also diploid.

2.2 The interphase

The interphase is thus the period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not dividing, typically intervening between mitotic or meiotic divisions.

Otherwise expressed, interphases are steps in the development of subsequent mitosis or cell meiosis, during which the nucleus is not dividing. In the cells that will undergo further division, the DNA in the nucleus is duplicated for next division during phase S, and the proteins involved in mitosis are synthesized in phase G2.

2.3 Mitosis  and cytokinesis

Mitosis is a process involved in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and immediately preceding cell division, consisting of the equitable distribution of hereditary material (characteristic DNA). This type of division occurs in somatic cells and usually ends with the formation of two distinct nuclei (mitosis), followed by cytoplasmic separation (cytokinesis) to form two daughter cells.

Cytokinesis refers to a division of the cytoplasm that usually follows the division of the nucleus at the end of the mitosis. It is the process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides into two cells

Answer 2

1. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are often described as been chemically opposite because THE PRODUCTS OF ONE PROCESS ARE THE REACTANTS OF ANOTHER AND VICE VERSA.

The reactants of cellular respiration are glucose and oxygen and these happen to be the products of photosynthesis also. During the process of photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, which are the reactants of the photosynthesis process. 

2. Photosynthesis and cellular processes are related to each other, this is because, the photosynthesis process produces the glucose, which cellular respiration used to synthesis energy in the cells of living organisms. Thus, the glucose producing plants depend on the living organisms that carried out cellular respiration to produce carbon dioxide and water, which is the necessary reactants for photosynthesis process. The organisms using cellular respiration also depend on plants to produce glucose and oxygen for their use.