Answer:
D Flow of protons across an electrochemical gradient
Explanation:
The chloroplast adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase uses the electrochemical proton gradient generated by photosynthesis to produce ATP, the energy currency of all cells. Protons conducted through the membrane-embedded Fo motor drive ATP synthesis in the F1 head by rotary catalysis.
In chloroplasts, photosynthetic electron transport generates a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane which then drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase.
The light-induced electron transfer in photosynthesis drives protons into the thylakoid lumen. The excess protons flow out of the lumen through ATP synthase to generate ATP in the stroma.
Majority of ATP is produced by OXIDATION PHOSPHORYLATION. The generation of ATP by oxidation phosphorylation differs from the way ATP is produced during glycolysis.
Electrons are passed from one member of the transport chain to another in a series of redox reactions. Energy released in these reactions is captured as a proton gradient, which is then used to make ATP in a process called chemiosmosis.
I think the answer is A or D
Prokaryotic are the cells that dont have a necleus or other important membranes of a cell and eukaryotic are just normal cells i think
Answer:
b. It converts messages that are received from the central nervous system into involuntary reflexes.
Explanation:
The somatic nervous system (SNS) is part of the peripheral nervous system (SNP), which is responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information both back and forth to the central nervous system (CNS).
The main function of the somatic nervous system is to connect the central nervous system to the organs, muscles and skin. This allows us to perform complex movements and behaviors. Somatic neurons carry messages from the external areas of the body that are directly related to the senses. The information captured by the sensory systems is transmitted to the central nervous system. The CNS then sends signals through the nervous networks of the somatic system to the muscles and organs.
