<span>there was the humanist movement, or the renaissance; the rediscovery and interpretation of classical texts... there was also the protestant reformation (st bartholomews day massacre, battles between the catholics and hugenots)...the discovery of the New World (Exploration and Encounters with columbus and da gama) ... the enlightenment (focusing on the works of Rousseau and Voltaire)...and the french revolution (which i dont know much about...)</span>
B.................................................
The spread of Islam from the Middle East and North Africa affected political and social life in East, West, and South Africa because it provided fixed laws enforced by officials.
I believe that D is the most accurate. B is close, but the constitution focuses more on limiting government power, since it can't control the people put into power.
A. The transatlantic cable was not functional at that time.