Question

Using words and arrows, complete a flow outline of an immune response, beginning with entrance of antigen; start with the response of the innate immune system, describeantigen processing, cell interaction, involvement of cytokines, and the end results for B and T cells.

Answer 1

Answer:

The entrance of the antigen activates cell signaling pathways through cytokines secreted by B cells, thereby triggering an immune response >> Subsequently, B cells also act in antigen processing by presenting them to T-cells.

Explanation:

An antigen is a molecule that binds to an antibody or a B cell receptor. Cell interaction is produced by direct contact of cells in multicellular organisms and this interaction may also be associated with immune responses through intercellular communication by cytokines. The cytokines are released and then bind to cell receptors to trigger an immune response (for instance, inflammation). It is possible to trace the secretion of cytokines and their corresponding receptors by analyzing specific gene expression patterns. The B cells are critical components of the immune system because they release cytokines in response to antigenic stimuli, and they also present antigens to T cells.