The Industrial Revolution marked a period of development in the latter half of the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies in Europe and America into industrialized, urban ones.
Goods that had once been painstakingly crafted by hand started to be produced in mass quantities by machines in factories, thanks to the introduction of new machines and techniques in textiles, iron making and other industries.
Fueled by the game-changing use of steam power, the Industrial Revolution began in Britain and spread to the rest of the world, including the United States, by the 1830s and ‘40s. Modern historians often refer to this period as the First Industrial Revolution, to set it apart from a second period of industrialization that took place from the late 19th to early 20th centuries and saw rapid advances in the steel, electric and automobile industries.
Mecca and Medina.
The holiest shrine in Islam, the Kaaba, is located in Mecca, surrounded by the Sacred Mosque (<span>Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām). Mecca was the birthplace of Mohammad and the Sacred Mosque and shrine there are the direction toward which Muslims turn when doing their daily prayers. It is also the place to which they make pilgrimage as one of the five pillars of the faith.
Medina is where Mohammad built a following for the Islamic faith after learning there was a plot in Mecca to assassinate him. He later went back to Mecca with an army of 1500 converts to Islam and took control of his home city without bloodshed. A holy mosque is located in Medina also, called The Prophet's Mosque (</span><span>al-Masjid an-Nabawi). It is where Mohammad is buried.</span><span>
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Northerners became less interested in rebuilding the South as jobs became more scarce. At the same time, the Democratic Party started to gain more ground in Congress and wanted to gain control of the White House.
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