Answer:
True
Explanation:
Formal racial segregation has existed since the adoption in 1865 of the 13th amendment to the American constitution, which prohibits slavery. Its first signs were separate schools (for whites and blacks), separate public transport (existed until the 1970s), prohibitions on joint accommodation in hotels and motels, the division into cafes and restaurants only for white and for “color” and black, service areas, African American military units, and the like. In 1957-1968, civil rights laws have been enacted to prohibit racial segregation and discrimination in resettlement, in public places, in housing and work, in education, healthcare, and suffrage. They put an end to the jimcrowism system in the South. As a result of these and other measures related to their implementation, in the 70-80s, there was a significant increase in the layer of wealthy African Americans, which in the American press and scientific literature was called the black middle class.
Officially, segregation in the United States ceased to exist, but the racial issue continued to occupy a leading position in the list of pressing social topics.
In 1954, the US Supreme Court, after reviewing the Brown v. Education Board case, ruled that racial segregation in schools was illegal. However, due to demographic trends and housing policies, many areas of American cities remained segregated. As a result, schools, in fact, remained segregated, because the children went to schools in the areas in which they lived.
In the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s, courts ruled that local authorities did not make sufficient efforts to overcome school segregation and demanded that children be transported by bus to schools in other areas to solve this problem. Transportation was carried out under the control of federal departments.
