I think Mars environment as it's natural state is not applied for human living but discoverers would be able to start building special permanent bases (named by NASA). It allows to do experiments and observe Martian atmosphere.
Answer:
Differential opportunity
Explanation:
According to the Differential opportunity theory, lower class youths or low socioeconomic class youths or school drop outs whose legitimate opportunities are limited and short because of poverty or unemployment join criminal gangs and take up criminal career as a second chance to achieve success and wealth.
Thus Tommy, a school drop out and unemployed, is legitimated to pursue a criminal career according to the Differential opportunity theory.
Hence the answer is "Differential opportunity theory".
