Answer:
The correct answer is "There are several mechanisms that explain why a hormone have different effects in different cells. These mechanisms include: multiple receptors for the same hormone, a single receptor coupled to different pathways and hormones interacting with receptors for other molecules".
Explanation:
Hormones are among the most versatile molecules of the body, responsible for different biological processes such as human growth, sex development and metabolisms. Hormones are responsible of these complex biological processes because they have drastically different effects in different cells. There are several mechanisms that explain why a hormone have different effects in different cells. These mechanisms include:
- Multiple receptors for the same hormone. For instance, there are multiple receptor for dopamine, a hormone and neurotransmitter responsible for different functions such as movement, memory, sleep and motivation.
- A single receptor coupled to different pathways. Most hormone receptors act with a cascade of signaling. This in consequence results in a single receptor interacting with different molecules having multiple effects.
- Hormones interacting with receptors for other molecules. One example is the action of one metabolite of progesterone named allopregnanolone. This metabolite interacts with GABA-A receptor, which gives it anxiolitic properties.
The correct answer iare A. All organisms have had one common ancestor in the past, and C. Gorillas share an extinct ancestor with bonobos.
Explanation
The image shows an evolutionary tree that resulted in species such as the chimpanzee, orangutan, gorilla, bonobo, and humans. This tree shows nodes, which are the points shown on it. These nodes represent an extinct species as a common ancestor of the species of the next node that are connected to it. Therefore, the correct answers are A. All organisms have a common ancestor in the past, this statement is true because all the species shown in the tree are the result of different divisions of a first species that lived 13 million years ago. The second correct statement is C. Gorillas share an extinct ancestor with bonobos. Because in the graph it can be seen that 6 million years ago there was a node/species that is the common ancestor of the gorilla and the bonobo.
