Well, I don't fully understand your question. I think I know what you're getting at though.
In a system of sexual reproduction, you have genes coming from both an egg and the sperm. Therefore, it'll only contain half the total amount of chromosomes (46 in humans). A sperm will have 23, and the egg will have the other 23. Is that what you meant why the chromosomes are cut out in pairs? If that wasn't your question, please elaborate and I'll return to answer it to the best of my capabilities.
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<span><span>2. Decomposition A. The breakdown of organic matter, such as dead animals.</span></span><span />
<span>3. Fossil Fuels C. Oil and coal produced from compacted decomposed organic matter</span>
<span /><span><span>4. Photosynthesis <span>B. Recycles carbon from carbon dioxide into glucose</span></span></span>
<span><span><span>sry that's all ik :( (I may have mixed up photo synthesis and decomposition with the other words by accident)</span></span></span>
<span><span><span>try searching the rest on google </span></span>
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Answer:
Three proteins directly contribute to the proton gradient by moving protons across the membrane
Explanation:
The Electron transport chain is a group of proteins and molecules incrusted in the internal mitochondrial membrane and organized into four complexes, I, II, III, and IV. These complexes contain the electron transporters and the enzymes necessary to catalyze the electron transference from one complex to the other. Complex I contains the flavine mononucleotide -FMN- that receives electrons from the NADH. The coenzyme Q, located in the lipidic interior of the membrane, conducts electrons from complex I and II to complex III. The complex III contains cytochrome b, from where electrons go to cytochrome c, which is a peripheric membrane protein. Electrons travel from cytochrome c to cytochromes a and a3, located in the complex IV. Finally, they go back to the matrix, where they combine to H+ ions and oxygen, to form the water molecule. As electrons are transported through the chain, protons are bombed through three proteinic complexes from the matrix to the intermembrane space. These are complexes I, III and IV.
sludge
<span>Sewage treatment is also known as wastewater treatment. It is
a process whereby contaminant is removed from wastewater. Thus, chemical,
biological and physical process are commonly used to remove contaminants from
wastewater and the by-products of wastewater treatment is usually inform of
solid waste known as sewage sludge.</span>
It is called genetic engineering
