We should expect that the rat will have have more difficulty in learning the task compared to a normal rat. This is because the rat has been injected with a certain drug that oppresses the dopamine activity. And then the rat is placed in an operant chamber where a lever-pressing task is shaped through positive reinforcement.
Active transport moves molecules across the plasma membrane of a cell with the help of transport proteins and energy (ATP).
Active transport is the means of transport of molecules across the plasma membrane with the help of energy. This method is usually used for the transport of molecule against their concentration gradient, i.e., from lower concentration to higher concentration.
Plasma membrane is the outer layer surrounding the cell. It is made up of lipid bilayer, proteins, carbohydrates and cholesterol. The lipid bilayer is amphipathic since the lipid head is hydrophilic and its tail is hydrophobic. The plasma membrane is semi-permeable in nature.
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