Responsible for shaping whether or not they become trusting individuals later in life
Explanation:
Erikson embraced an approach or theory of development in which the impact of external factors, the society, and parents on personality development from the age of a child to when one becomes an adult. According to Erikson, the experiences of a child in areas such as feeding, nurturing, and cuddling, would determine if the child would have trust issues later in life or not.
The answer is shaping. It is a conditioning model
used chiefly in the experimental analysis of behavior. The technique
used is disparity reinforcement of successive estimates. It was make known by
B. F. Skinner with pigeons and protracted to dolphins, dogs, humans and other
species.
The father's presence at child's birth is a way of reducing the likelihood of birth complications as he is there to provide support to his partner in a way that the mother of the baby will be assured and in a way that the father has accepted his role of being the father of the baby.
Mary's behavior is an example of learned helplessness, that is a behaviour pattern of a subject that endures repeatedly aversive, violent or traumatic stimuli and becomes unable to escape or avoid them. The subject has a tendency to not accept escape or avoidance as an option in the future.
