The British army surrendered at Saratoga, in the Battle of Saratoga, which effectively ended the American Independence, and the US was seen as a nation of its own.
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I think some of the challenges facing those restoring the Hagia Sophia church in Turkey are the following.
First, the budget needed to continually restorative the impressive building. Next, the qualified persons to do it. They need specialists in engineering and art to do the kind of conservation needed.
For a monumental structure like Haga Sophia, it is required to have a high budget to do permanent maintenance works as a preventive measure, as well as to correct the problems caused by the pass of time such as erosion, cracks in the walls, humidity.
John Adams was the one who passed the Alien and Sedition Acts which punishes those who opposed the federal policies. However, Thomas Jefferson felt that these acts defy both the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. So he proposed the Nullification doctrine which states that if the federal government passed an unconstitutional law, the states are not required to follow it.
Because they were banned for life after one was killed
