Two landmark decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court served to confirm the inferred constitutional authority for judicial review in the United States: In 1796, Hylton v. United States was the first case decided by the Supreme Court involving a direct challenge to the constitutionality of an act of Congress, the Carriage Act of 1794 which imposed a "carriage tax".[2]
The Court engaged in the process of judicial review by examining the
plaintiff's claim that the carriage tax was unconstitutional. After
review, the Supreme Court decided the Carriage Act was not
unconstitutional. In 1803, Marbury v. Madison[3]
was the first Supreme Court case where the Court asserted its authority
for judicial review to strike down a law as unconstitutional. At the
end of his opinion in this decision,[4]
Chief Justice John Marshall maintained that the Supreme Court's
responsibility to overturn unconstitutional legislation was a necessary
consequence of their sworn oath of office to uphold the Constitution as
instructed in Article Six of the Constitution.
Answer:
explanation of facts, how nature works, often changes, and will often stay true
Explanation:
The ERIE canal was opened by De Witt Clinton to improve water transportation.
Explanation:
The Erie canal provides the water transportation between Hudson river to lake Erie. They provided an economic growth to the U.S by allowing the transport of goods.
The economy of some New York cities like Buffalo lockport and Rochester. The cost of transportation of goods are decreased.
The canals are built for various uses they are irrigation, land drainage, urban water supply, hydro electric power station, and transportation of cargo and people.
After the completion of seaway the commercial and shipping traffic was declined abruptly.
<span>Restorative programs, in contrast to the traditional punitive model, work to achieve the best outcome for both victim and offender. In working through mediation with the victim, the offender has an opportunity to make amends to their previous actions and prevent future offenses of that nature. As well, the victim has an opportunity to achieve a level of justice that aids in the victims recovery. The crime is viewed as an offense against the victim and the offender should make appropriate amends to the victim.</span>
