Argumentative essays, also known as academic essays, are documents that have the purpose of exposing a specific topic so that it can be explained, argumented and supported by fact and verifiable data. It uses only academic language and one of its main characteristics is the use of only provable information, and not personal opinion, about the topic being exposed. As part of this type of essay, an introduction with the thesis statement (which is the claim that is being made and that will be supported throughout the essay) is created and followed by it, we have the body paragraphs, which in essence are the backbone of the essay, as they will argument different points that connect with the thesis statement to support it. Each body paragraph needs to have three parts: a main topic (controlling idea), which derives from the thesis statement, but it is only a portion of it, an illustration, which is basically the arguments and counterarguments, with added data, that explain the controlling idea and start resolving the issue of the thesis statement, and finally, an explanation with a conclusion, that further eplains the controlling idea, ties lose ends and supports and connects the claim to the thesis statement. This is why the correct answer here is B: A strong reason, counterarguments, and a concluding statement that supports the claim.
