Question

Select all the correct answers. In which two nations or regions of the world did Europeans primarily establish colonies during New Imperialism? Mexico South America Africa India Japan

Answer 1

Answer:

The correct answers are Africa and India.

Explanation:

1. Africa: This continent was occupied and divided among the European powers. At the beginning of the 19th century, Europeans had only coastal factories or small colonies. But in the second half of the century, explorers and missionaries toured Africa, taking advantage of the course of the great rivers: Niger, Nile, Congo, Zambezi and the Sahara.  From 1870, the expeditions multiplied and the European powers embarked on a real race of conquest and colonization of territories. The British wanted to establish an empire from north to south. Great Britain obtained very rich territories in minerals (gold and diamonds), as well as of great strategic value, like the Suez Canal, by which they controlled the passage between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea towards the Indian Ocean.  For their part, the French sought to build an empire from east to west of the African continent. They began to dominate Algeria and from there they dominated much of North Africa (Morocco and Tunisia), the western coast of the continent and extended to Sudan, a point of friction with the British, since it was the area of ​​shock with the northern line, South British.  The Belgians commissioned the exploration of the Congo area to build an empire of its own. The Germans settled in central Africa: in Togo, Cameroon, south-western Africa and Tanganyika, while tthe Potuguese settled in Angola, Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau. Italy established its empire in Libya and Somalia. Finally, Spain settled in what was then Equatorial Guinea and in Western Sahara. Also, it established a protectorate in the area of ​​the Moroccan Rif.  In southern Africa, two small neighboring republics, Transvaal and Orange, were in the hands of the Dutch born on the African continent and known as Boers, after having left the Cape area, fleeing the British expansion in the area .

2. India: In the eighteenth century, the English Company of the Indies owned or controlled the ports of Madras, Calcutta and Bombay. After the revolts of the sepoys, indigenous soldiers of the British army, in 1857, the British government assumed direct control of India, establishing an administration ruled by a viceroy. India was the most finished example of British imperialism. Queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India in 1877. To ensure a secure area around the colony, the British fought the French to control Burma in 1886.